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REAL WORKED EXAMPLE

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Question #060001: Aging：Australia and Japan

In 2005 Japan had the highest median age of all countries in the world, while Australia's population was only moderately aged. Some 50 years ago the demographic situation was quite different, with the median age of Australia's population being seven years older than Japan's. The ageing of the population is a major issue for Australian policy makers, particularly in regard to the long-term implications for reduced economic growth and the increasing demand for Age Pensions, and health and aged care services. As the population ages, growth in the number of people of working age will slow, while the proportion of people of retirement age will increase. Sustained population ageing also leads to slowing or negative population growth. While declining population growth in developed countries is welcomed by some environmentalist and social scientists, economists tend to agree that population decline brings gloomy economic prospects. In addition to the decrease in the labour supply, the demand side of the economy may be affected through shrinking markets for goods and services. How quickly this occurs depends on the dynamics of fertility, mortality and overseas migration. While a moderate pace of demographic change allows for gradual adjustment of the economy and policies to the changing population demographics, rapid changes are more difficult to manage. As a result, governments and society as a whole may need to take actions to address these issues. But how severe is the ageing of Australia's population, relative to other countries? One way of applying a degree of perspective to the ageing debate is to compare ageing in Australia with that of other countries. This article examines the population structures in Australia and Japan and the demographic forces that shape the respective populations, both historically and projections for the future.

Our example answer

Although Japan aged more rapidly than Australia, population ageing challenges Australian policy makers by reducing labour supply and consumer demand while increasing pension, health and aged care needs, with the pace of adjustment depending on fertility, mortality and migration.

Actual scoring output

39 words · 1 sentence · practice estimate 81 / 90

Content

3 / 4

Form

1 / 1

Grammar

2 / 2

Vocabulary

2 / 2

• Missed point: comparative historical context (50-year reversal)
• Missed point: environmental/social perspectives on population decline
• Length is fine: 39 words.

Revised answer (not scored)

Although Australia's median age was higher than Japan's fifty years earlier, their positions have reversed, and population ageing challenges Australian policy makers through lower labour supply and consumer demand and higher pension, health and aged care needs, with adjustment shaped by fertility, mortality and migration, while some environmentalists and social scientists welcome slower population growth.

What changed, and what is still unknown

This revision uses the passage’s median age comparison and adds the historical reversal and views on slower population growth named in the saved missed-point feedback. The saved content mark is 3 / 4. There is no saved revised score; check the new wording against the full passage.

Next practice: revise the lowest-scoring trait, then try the same question again. If all traits have full marks, practise a new question under exam timing.

Scored 2026-10-18 with the same score_writing function used for practice. The 10–90 number is RealPTE’s linear display of these rubric points, not a Pearson conversion or a prediction of your overall Writing score. Individual AI judgements can vary.